上海玻璃博物馆“玻玻璃璃学园”2018年暑期特别活动
上海玻璃博物馆“玻玻璃璃学园”2018暑假特别活动根据不同年龄段小朋友的认知发展水平,分别以“童话故事”和“日常编织”作为主题;利用孩子们熟悉的元素作为引导,让他们在博物馆中运用多感官来体验、观察并创造出自己的艺术作品。同时多元的活动形式与多感官体验的方式让孩子们在不能触碰作品时还是可以和作品建立不同形式的连结并激发主动学习的欲望、降低对艺术的陌生与恐惧,从而将艺术内化为生命经验的一部分。
根据儿童心理学家皮亚杰的观点,“教育的真正目的,不是增加儿童的知识,而是设置充满智能刺激的环境,让儿童自行探索、主动学到知识。”以此理念为出发,玻玻璃璃学园暑假特别活动由馆方教育专员策画执行了四期(一期共四次不同内容课程)在博物馆中进行的活动,在形式上不仅有趣味探索环节,利用作品局部照片在展场藉由实际观察寻找作品,并由老师引导认识作品概念及工艺美学,让小朋友们了解艺术创作的过程及创作的意义;还专门请到了绘本插画师来引导小朋友们创作自己的故事书。四次活动中亦规划有多种直接参与动手体验的学习机会,让小朋友们化身小小艺术家,亲自进行创作。
童年时期是培养儿童学习、社交和认知重要技能的关键时期;在这一时期,潜移默化的培养他们参观博物馆的习惯,放慢脚步观察艺术品,也是在更好的引导他们感知发展以及对艺术的共鸣。博物馆与学校、兴趣班不一样的地方及优势,在于博物馆是以“主题”代替“学科”作为分类与学习方式的,让小朋友可以更自然的体会与学习艺术;同时博物馆还能给予孩子近距离接触艺术品的机会,利用不同方式结合多感官体验带领孩子进一步认识艺术,再藉由自己实际创作将之融会为生命经验。
法国学者Tisseron认为:“儿童观众对于事物认知的建立,不仅依靠视觉的刺激,还须透过身体的参与、各种感官的运用,以及与对象之间的直接接触,才能将对象内化为自身经验的一部分”;因此我们也希望通过“玻玻璃璃学园”暑期特别活动,让不同年龄的小朋友们都能在上海玻璃博物馆调动自己的五感,慢下来欣赏亲近艺术。
“BOBO & LILI School’s Summer Special Events” in Shanghai Museum of Glass
This year, Shanghai Museum of Glass planed “BOBO & LILI School’s Summer Special Events” for children. According to children of different age’s cognitive development level, the museum used “fairy tale” and “daily weaving” as the themes. Guided by the familiar things of the children, that made them to use multi-sensory to experience, observed and created their own works of art in the museum. At the same time, the diversified activities and the multi-sensory experience make children to establish different forms of connections with the works and stimulate the desire to learn actively under the premise without touching the works, reducing the strangeness and fear of art, and thus internalize the art into part of the life experience.
On the basis of Jean Piaget’s view, a child psychologist, “The real purpose of education is not to increase children’s knowledge, but to set up an environment full of wisdom and stimulation, so that children can explore and actively learn knowledge.” According to this idea, the summer special event was organized by the museum’s education commissioner to carry out four activities (four different content courses in one phase) in the museum. Not only in the form of interesting aspects to explore, but also used the partial photos of the work to find the works through actual observation in the exhibition. The teacher guides the concept of the work and the aesthetics of the craft, so that the children can understand the process of artistic creation and the meaning of the creation. The events also specially invited the picture book’s illustrator to guide the children to create their own story books.
Childhood is a crucial period for cultivating children’s important skills in learning, socializing, and cognition. During this period, imperceptibly influence the habit of visiting museums and slowing down to observe of art are also better guiding them to perceive development and resonate with art. The difference between museums and schools, and interest classes is that museums use “themes” instead of “disciplines” as a way of classifying and learning. So that children can experience and learn art more naturally. Other than this, the museum also gives children the opportunity to be close with the art. They use different ways to combine the multi-sensory experience to lead the child to further understand the art, and then integrate it into life experience through their actual creation.
Tisseron, a French scholar, thinks that “For the audience of children, the establishment of cognition of things depends not only on visual stimulation, but also through the participation of the body, the use of various senses, and direct contact with objects, to internalize objects into part of their own experience.” Therefore, we also hope that through the “BOBO & LILI School’s Summer Special Events”, children of different ages can mobilize their five senses at the Shanghai Museum of Glass and slow down to appreciate the art..